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Ohio's second-largest city and the seat of Cuyahoga County, Cleveland lies on the southern shore of Lake Erie. An ethnically and racially diverse city, it has approximately 475,000 residents, but that number has been continually declining, with a loss of more than 100,000 residents since 1990.
Founded in 1796 at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, the city is home to numerous canals and railroad lines. While it was originally a manufacturing center, Cleveland's economy has diversified and become more service-oriented in recent years.
The Cuyahoga River divides the east and west sides of Cleveland, and there are hundreds of neighborhoods in the city. Downtown Cleveland is where the financial district, theater district, and civic center are located. The Flats and the Warehouse District provide space for industrial, office, and dining areas, as well as urban dwellings such as condominiums, lofts, and apartment buildings.
Large communities of people of Italian, German, Polish, Russian, and Irish heritage live in neighborhoods such as Collinwood. Saint Clair-Superior is home to Asiatown, and Little Italy flourishes with Italian restaurants and private art galleries.
Detroit-Shoreway on the west side of Cleveland is an ethnically diverse neighborhood, with many recent immigrants. Gordon Square is the neighborhood's retail hub, and renovation efforts are being made to add more cultural and artistic elements to the area.
With more than 50 religious, cultural, educational, and medical organizations, University Circle provides the most employment opportunities. The Uptown Initiative, implemented in 2006 by Charter One Bank, designated $100 million for economic development and job creation in the neighborhood and $50 million to upgrade, renovate, and build new housing and small retail areas.
Cleveland is home to professional teams from every major sport:
The largest employer in Cleveland is The Cleveland Clinic, a nationally renowned hospital. In February of 2008, The Economist deemed The Cleveland Clinic the best heart hospital in America and one of Cleveland's top employers. Additionally, Cleveland is a hotbed for biotechnology and fuel cell research through Case Western Reserve University and area hospitals and clinics.
Cleveland public schools are highly rated on both a state and national level. Approximately 55,000 students are enrolled in the more than 125 kindergarten through 12th grade schools that are part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District.
Higher education institutions in Cleveland include:
Cleveland teems with cultural destinations and activities, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art, West Side Market, Cleveland Zoo, and the Playhouse Square Center.
The first official rock concert, at the Moondog Coronation Ball in 1952, took place here, and today Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, one of the city's preeminent attractions. The museum examines the past, present, and future of rock and roll, as well as the effects it has had on the cultural development of the nation. There are permanent exhibits, rock artifacts, and temporary exhibits of loaned iconic objects from rock legends.
Several events are held throughout the year in Cleveland, including many reflecting the city's diverse culture:
Cleveland's local newspaper is The Plain Dealer, and there is also a weekly publication called the Cleveland Scene. This Ohio city is the 17th-largest television market in the nation, with the following stations:
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